UK Institutions Promoting Health of Ethnic Minority Women...

This essay intends to give a critical analysis of interagency working to promote the health of ethnic minority women suffering from domestic violence. The essay starts with a definition of health and then briefly looks at varying definitions of public health and how these definitions lend credence to need for interagency working in public health. The essay then looks at the social construct of community and minority communities (BME) in England and Wales, health inequalities and the geographical spread of inequalities across areas of deprivation and the spearhead authorities with a brief discussion on the social determinants of health. This will be followed by a definition of domestic violence and how the concept of culture, especially in†¦show more content†¦Winslow’s definition of public health incorporates environmental sanitation; infections control, personal hygiene; early diagnosis and preventative treatment all achieved through organised community efforts. Roth stein (2002) as cited in Verweij and Dawson (n.d) sees public health as the role of the government in taking action to protect the health of the public. However, Rothstein shifts the boundaries even further and does not see the â€Å"human rights as public† argument because â€Å"just because war, crime, hunger, poverty, illiteracy,, homelessness, and human rights abuse [including domestic violence] interfere with the health of individuals and populations, does not mean that eliminating these conditions is part of the mission of public health†(Rothstein 2000). Rothstein’s argument lends credence to the need for a multi-sectoral or interagency approach to tackling public health and societal problems like domestic violence that affect the health and wellbeing of individuals and populations. Community A key element that cuts across major definitions of public health is the concept of populations or society or communities. A community, as defined by Phil Bartle (n.d) is a sociological construct that describes a set of human actions; interactions and human behaviours that have meaning and expectations between its members. These actions are usually based on shared expectations,Show MoreRelatedDiversity Management And Equal Treatment1293 Words   |  6 Pagesworkplace over the past 50 years, diversity management and equal treatment can be improved. According to employment laws are put in place to stop discrimination, but it is the responsibility of people to put them into practice. By tackling diversity and promoting equality, is not only morally right but is ultimately a business advantage. Organizations are making themselves accessible to the talents all over the world and achieving a workforce that is representative of the actual population attracts even moreRead MoreDomestic Viol ence And Its Effects On The Health2966 Words   |  12 Pagesinvolving physical, sexual, emotional, psychological or financial abuse. Domestic violence against women is a global problem without geographic, religious, social, economic, cultural or national boundaries (Women’s Aid, 2005). According to Chitashvili et al (2010) violence against women is seen as a social problem with detrimental effects on the health and well-being of the victim and the people around. Women who are victims of domestic violence are deprived of their right to participate in societal lifeRead MoreAre Trade Unions a Thing of the Past? Discuss the Pros and Cons of Trade Unions from an Employee Perspective.2644 Words   |  11 Pagesunions thrived and membership was at its highest (Brownlie 2012). In the 1960s and 1970s, as a result of decentralized bargaining, wages and conditions in unionized firms were by far more favourable than those in non-union firms in economies such as UK and USA (Gospel and Wood 2003, p.2). However, a decline in membership was triggered when the Conservative Government came into power in 1979. The new administration and employers have increasingly downplayed any positive effects of union representationRead MoreSocio-Cultural Development17197 Words   |  69 Pagesmulticulturalism and examine the impact of immigration on business and society Analyse class differences and patterns of inequality in Britain, and relate these issues to business responsibility Examine the causes and implications of the changing role of women in British society and business l l l l g Themes Diversity Diversity of business Certain industries have a profound impact in shaping the wider culture—the culture industries. Internal/ external Internal/external Culture isRead MoreEffective Understanding of Cultural Differences Will Be Key to Successful Business Operations in the 21st Century. Discuss This Statement Using Examples from Two Sectors.4254 Words   |  18 Pagesgenerations to change and in that time there still is a strong demand for goods from their homeland, especially food items, this can be cited from the number of Eastern European shops that have mushroomed all over UK in the last 4 years and from Indian and Pakistani settlements in the UK during the 70s. This is a clear example of cultural attributes acquired as a result of being a part of a group influence and how it influences an industry. The internet and media provide a wealth of information aboutRead MoreUnderstanding Diversity Within Society Essay4388 Words   |  18 Pagesorientations and experiences created within our community. When a community is diverse there is the presence of different points of views and ways of making meaning which flow from the variety within it. This variety arises out of different cultural, racial, ethnic, religious, gender, socioeconomic class, political, developed abilities, and/or sexual orientation. However, even as we recognize that diversity is multi-faceted, we must remember that some aspects of diversity ( i.e., race, gender) have proven particularlyRead MoreArticle on Skills Shortages9436 Words   |  38 Pagesarchive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/0048-3486.htm Skill shortages, recruitment and retention in the house building sector Linda Clarke and Georg Herrmann Westminster Business School, University of Westminster, London, UK Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show how internal and external labour markets operate in the construction sector, associated with different strategies taken by ï ¬ rms in recruiting and retaining particular groups of employees. ItRead MoreA 3000 Word Essay Identifying Two Public Health Issues Pertinent to Clinical Placement Area; Analyse These with Reference to Appropriate Literature and Research and Discuss the Public Health Role of the Midwife.4091 Words   |  17 Pages- A 3000 word essay identifying two public health issues pertinent to clinical placement area; analyse these with reference to appropriate literature and research and discuss the public health role of the midwife. Word Count = 3210 Health is a broad concept, which can embody a huge range of meanings, from the narrowly technical to the all-embracing moral or philosophical. A definition of health is a state of well-being, interpreted by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in it’s constitution asRead MoreEquality and Diversity Essay3406 Words   |  14 Pagesmore concerned with outcome. This paper outlines these three approaches, evaluates their successes and considers whether Managing Diversity (MD) may prove more useful. 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UK Institutions Promoting Health of Ethnic Minority Women...

This essay intends to give a critical analysis of interagency working to promote the health of ethnic minority women suffering from domestic violence. The essay starts with a definition of health and then briefly looks at varying definitions of public health and how these definitions lend credence to need for interagency working in public health. The essay then looks at the social construct of community and minority communities (BME) in England and Wales, health inequalities and the geographical spread of inequalities across areas of deprivation and the spearhead authorities with a brief discussion on the social determinants of health. This will be followed by a definition of domestic violence and how the concept of culture, especially in†¦show more content†¦Winslow’s definition of public health incorporates environmental sanitation; infections control, personal hygiene; early diagnosis and preventative treatment all achieved through organised community efforts. Roth stein (2002) as cited in Verweij and Dawson (n.d) sees public health as the role of the government in taking action to protect the health of the public. However, Rothstein shifts the boundaries even further and does not see the â€Å"human rights as public† argument because â€Å"just because war, crime, hunger, poverty, illiteracy,, homelessness, and human rights abuse [including domestic violence] interfere with the health of individuals and populations, does not mean that eliminating these conditions is part of the mission of public health†(Rothstein 2000). Rothstein’s argument lends credence to the need for a multi-sectoral or interagency approach to tackling public health and societal problems like domestic violence that affect the health and wellbeing of individuals and populations. Community A key element that cuts across major definitions of public health is the concept of populations or society or communities. A community, as defined by Phil Bartle (n.d) is a sociological construct that describes a set of human actions; interactions and human behaviours that have meaning and expectations between its members. These actions are usually based on shared expectations,Show MoreRelatedDiversity Management And Equal Treatment1293 Words   |  6 Pagesworkplace over the past 50 years, diversity management and equal treatment can be improved. According to employment laws are put in place to stop discrimination, but it is the responsibility of people to put them into practice. By tackling diversity and promoting equality, is not only morally right but is ultimately a business advantage. Organizations are making themselves accessible to the talents all over the world and achieving a workforce that is representative of the actual population attracts even moreRead MoreDomestic Viol ence And Its Effects On The Health2966 Words   |  12 Pagesinvolving physical, sexual, emotional, psychological or financial abuse. Domestic violence against women is a global problem without geographic, religious, social, economic, cultural or national boundaries (Women’s Aid, 2005). According to Chitashvili et al (2010) violence against women is seen as a social problem with detrimental effects on the health and well-being of the victim and the people around. Women who are victims of domestic violence are deprived of their right to participate in societal lifeRead MoreAre Trade Unions a Thing of the Past? Discuss the Pros and Cons of Trade Unions from an Employee Perspective.2644 Words   |  11 Pagesunions thrived and membership was at its highest (Brownlie 2012). In the 1960s and 1970s, as a result of decentralized bargaining, wages and conditions in unionized firms were by far more favourable than those in non-union firms in economies such as UK and USA (Gospel and Wood 2003, p.2). However, a decline in membership was triggered when the Conservative Government came into power in 1979. The new administration and employers have increasingly downplayed any positive effects of union representationRead MoreSocio-Cultural Development17197 Words   |  69 Pagesmulticulturalism and examine the impact of immigration on business and society Analyse class differences and patterns of inequality in Britain, and relate these issues to business responsibility Examine the causes and implications of the changing role of women in British society and business l l l l g Themes Diversity Diversity of business Certain industries have a profound impact in shaping the wider culture—the culture industries. Internal/ external Internal/external Culture isRead MoreEffective Understanding of Cultural Differences Will Be Key to Successful Business Operations in the 21st Century. Discuss This Statement Using Examples from Two Sectors.4254 Words   |  18 Pagesgenerations to change and in that time there still is a strong demand for goods from their homeland, especially food items, this can be cited from the number of Eastern European shops that have mushroomed all over UK in the last 4 years and from Indian and Pakistani settlements in the UK during the 70s. This is a clear example of cultural attributes acquired as a result of being a part of a group influence and how it influences an industry. The internet and media provide a wealth of information aboutRead MoreUnderstanding Diversity Within Society Essay4388 Words   |  18 Pagesorientations and experiences created within our community. When a community is diverse there is the presence of different points of views and ways of making meaning which flow from the variety within it. This variety arises out of different cultural, racial, ethnic, religious, gender, socioeconomic class, political, developed abilities, and/or sexual orientation. However, even as we recognize that diversity is multi-faceted, we must remember that some aspects of diversity ( i.e., race, gender) have proven particularlyRead MoreArticle on Skills Shortages9436 Words   |  38 Pagesarchive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/0048-3486.htm Skill shortages, recruitment and retention in the house building sector Linda Clarke and Georg Herrmann Westminster Business School, University of Westminster, London, UK Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show how internal and external labour markets operate in the construction sector, associated with different strategies taken by ï ¬ rms in recruiting and retaining particular groups of employees. ItRead MoreA 3000 Word Essay Identifying Two Public Health Issues Pertinent to Clinical Placement Area; Analyse These with Reference to Appropriate Literature and Research and Discuss the Public Health Role of the Midwife.4091 Words   |  17 Pages- A 3000 word essay identifying two public health issues pertinent to clinical placement area; analyse these with reference to appropriate literature and research and discuss the public health role of the midwife. Word Count = 3210 Health is a broad concept, which can embody a huge range of meanings, from the narrowly technical to the all-embracing moral or philosophical. A definition of health is a state of well-being, interpreted by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in it’s constitution asRead MoreEquality and Diversity Essay3406 Words   |  14 Pagesmore concerned with outcome. This paper outlines these three approaches, evaluates their successes and considers whether Managing Diversity (MD) may prove more useful. Formal equality of opportunity, or procedural justice (Weale, 1996), underpins UK anti-discrimination legislation and anti-discriminatory statements in EO policies and some United States policies. This notion formed the core of such legislation as the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 (amended 1986), Race Relations Act (1976, amended 2000)Read MoreGlobalization and It Effects on Cultural Integration: the Case of the Czech Republic.27217 Words   |  109 Pagesministry also give support to cultural activities of members of national minorities living in the country, support for integration of members of the Roma community and immigrants. The Department of Arts, Libraries, Department of Media, and Audiovisual Policies have also supported intercultural projects. Non- governmental organizations such as: Organization for Aid to Refugees, (OPU), People in Need, and Czech Mobility Center and â€Å"Ethnic Friendly employer†. III. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY. The main

UK Institutions Promoting Health of Ethnic Minority Women...

This essay intends to give a critical analysis of interagency working to promote the health of ethnic minority women suffering from domestic violence. The essay starts with a definition of health and then briefly looks at varying definitions of public health and how these definitions lend credence to need for interagency working in public health. The essay then looks at the social construct of community and minority communities (BME) in England and Wales, health inequalities and the geographical spread of inequalities across areas of deprivation and the spearhead authorities with a brief discussion on the social determinants of health. This will be followed by a definition of domestic violence and how the concept of culture, especially in†¦show more content†¦Winslow’s definition of public health incorporates environmental sanitation; infections control, personal hygiene; early diagnosis and preventative treatment all achieved through organised community efforts. Roth stein (2002) as cited in Verweij and Dawson (n.d) sees public health as the role of the government in taking action to protect the health of the public. However, Rothstein shifts the boundaries even further and does not see the â€Å"human rights as public† argument because â€Å"just because war, crime, hunger, poverty, illiteracy,, homelessness, and human rights abuse [including domestic violence] interfere with the health of individuals and populations, does not mean that eliminating these conditions is part of the mission of public health†(Rothstein 2000). Rothstein’s argument lends credence to the need for a multi-sectoral or interagency approach to tackling public health and societal problems like domestic violence that affect the health and wellbeing of individuals and populations. Community A key element that cuts across major definitions of public health is the concept of populations or society or communities. A community, as defined by Phil Bartle (n.d) is a sociological construct that describes a set of human actions; interactions and human behaviours that have meaning and expectations between its members. These actions are usually based on shared expectations,Show MoreRelatedDiversity Management And Equal Treatment1293 Words   |  6 Pagesworkplace over the past 50 years, diversity management and equal treatment can be improved. According to employment laws are put in place to stop discrimination, but it is the responsibility of people to put them into practice. By tackling diversity and promoting equality, is not only morally right but is ultimately a business advantage. Organizations are making themselves accessible to the talents all over the world and achieving a workforce that is representative of the actual population attracts even moreRead MoreDomestic Viol ence And Its Effects On The Health2966 Words   |  12 Pagesinvolving physical, sexual, emotional, psychological or financial abuse. Domestic violence against women is a global problem without geographic, religious, social, economic, cultural or national boundaries (Women’s Aid, 2005). According to Chitashvili et al (2010) violence against women is seen as a social problem with detrimental effects on the health and well-being of the victim and the people around. Women who are victims of domestic violence are deprived of their right to participate in societal lifeRead MoreAre Trade Unions a Thing of the Past? Discuss the Pros and Cons of Trade Unions from an Employee Perspective.2644 Words   |  11 Pagesunions thrived and membership was at its highest (Brownlie 2012). In the 1960s and 1970s, as a result of decentralized bargaining, wages and conditions in unionized firms were by far more favourable than those in non-union firms in economies such as UK and USA (Gospel and Wood 2003, p.2). However, a decline in membership was triggered when the Conservative Government came into power in 1979. The new administration and employers have increasingly downplayed any positive effects of union representationRead MoreSocio-Cultural Development17197 Words   |  69 Pagesmulticulturalism and examine the impact of immigration on business and society Analyse class differences and patterns of inequality in Britain, and relate these issues to business responsibility Examine the causes and implications of the changing role of women in British society and business l l l l g Themes Diversity Diversity of business Certain industries have a profound impact in shaping the wider culture—the culture industries. Internal/ external Internal/external Culture isRead MoreEffective Understanding of Cultural Differences Will Be Key to Successful Business Operations in the 21st Century. Discuss This Statement Using Examples from Two Sectors.4254 Words   |  18 Pagesgenerations to change and in that time there still is a strong demand for goods from their homeland, especially food items, this can be cited from the number of Eastern European shops that have mushroomed all over UK in the last 4 years and from Indian and Pakistani settlements in the UK during the 70s. This is a clear example of cultural attributes acquired as a result of being a part of a group influence and how it influences an industry. The internet and media provide a wealth of information aboutRead MoreUnderstanding Diversity Within Society Essay4388 Words   |  18 Pagesorientations and experiences created within our community. When a community is diverse there is the presence of different points of views and ways of making meaning which flow from the variety within it. This variety arises out of different cultural, racial, ethnic, religious, gender, socioeconomic class, political, developed abilities, and/or sexual orientation. However, even as we recognize that diversity is multi-faceted, we must remember that some aspects of diversity ( i.e., race, gender) have proven particularlyRead MoreArticle on Skills Shortages9436 Words   |  38 Pagesarchive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/0048-3486.htm Skill shortages, recruitment and retention in the house building sector Linda Clarke and Georg Herrmann Westminster Business School, University of Westminster, London, UK Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show how internal and external labour markets operate in the construction sector, associated with different strategies taken by ï ¬ rms in recruiting and retaining particular groups of employees. ItRead MoreA 3000 Word Essay Identifying Two Public Health Issues Pertinent to Clinical Placement Area; Analyse These with Reference to Appropriate Literature and Research and Discuss the Public Health Role of the Midwife.4091 Words   |  17 Pages- A 3000 word essay identifying two public health issues pertinent to clinical placement area; analyse these with reference to appropriate literature and research and discuss the public health role of the midwife. Word Count = 3210 Health is a broad concept, which can embody a huge range of meanings, from the narrowly technical to the all-embracing moral or philosophical. A definition of health is a state of well-being, interpreted by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in it’s constitution asRead MoreEquality and Diversity Essay3406 Words   |  14 Pagesmore concerned with outcome. This paper outlines these three approaches, evaluates their successes and considers whether Managing Diversity (MD) may prove more useful. Formal equality of opportunity, or procedural justice (Weale, 1996), underpins UK anti-discrimination legislation and anti-discriminatory statements in EO policies and some United States policies. This notion formed the core of such legislation as the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 (amended 1986), Race Relations Act (1976, amended 2000)Read MoreGlobalization and It Effects on Cultural Integration: the Case of the Czech Republic.27217 Words   |  109 Pagesministry also give support to cultural activities of members of national minorities living in the country, support for integration of members of the Roma community and immigrants. The Department of Arts, Libraries, Department of Media, and Audiovisual Policies have also supported intercultural projects. Non- governmental organizations such as: Organization for Aid to Refugees, (OPU), People in Need, and Czech Mobility Center and â€Å"Ethnic Friendly employer†. III. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY. The main

Who Else Is Lying to Us About Writing an Outline for a Research Paper?

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Leadership Development and Motivation Challenges

Question: Discuss about the Leadership Development and Motivation Challenges. Answer: Introduction: The leadership and development lessons were quite enriching and informative. The entire lessons had new ideas and characteristics that a good leader should possess. However, the study was also coupled with a lot of challenges and they will be discussed in the subsequent submissions. In the second week, there was a systematic approach to the lecture. First of all, the effectiveness of a leader was discussed in relation to the tasks that they should undertake. More so, the general aspects that determine a leader were also discussed. Besides the tasks that the leaders should undertake, much emphasis was laid on the motivation that leaders require in order to discharge their mandate in an apt manner. The logical element is a crucial factor in the analysis of a good leader. In the lessons, the instructors were able to deliver good content that enabled students to understand the cognitive aspects that are essential in the leadership sphere. (Zaccaro, 2009) It is however regrettable that many challenges occurred during the study of the topic. One of the challenges was that many terminologies were overlapping and their meanings were difficult to demystify. For instance, words such as efficiency and effectiveness of a leader almost bore the same message. Another challenge was concerning the different leadership approaches. It was difficult to determine the best leadership approach because all of them had their pros and cons. For example, the question of whether leaders are born or made is quite complex. ( Hogan, 2013) The second session was a discussion of the styles, attitudes and the behaviors of leadership. Just like the first lecture, this one was informative as well. You realize that leadership is a wide subject and this was just continuity. There were a host of things to learn and more specifically, there was the mention of the leadership theories which include the contingency, trait, behavioral and the great man theories. The discussion was derived from the theories and part of the study explored the attitudes and behavioral changes of various leaders. It was also great to learn about the relationship that exists between the attitude and behavior and how the relationship affects the execution of leadership duties. A good leader is said to be that one who offers service rather than exercising authority. Consequently there is a 360 degree feedback model which leaders are assessed upon. They can use this model as a scorecard which will make them improve where they did not perform well. (Keys, 2014) In this study, there were some challenges too. They include the interpretation of the theories. Theories carry hidden meanings of some facts and it requires keen examination of the theory to unravel the meanings. The phrases are technical and the outward meaning may not imply the actual meaning that was intended. Another challenge was also to settle on the best leadership style. Among the different styles, there are those that are viewed as oppressive to the society while some fraction of the people applauds them as the best. The other challenge is to determine whether leadership is an art or a science. (King, 2010) The fourth session was still a continuation of the leadership and development study. Here, the lecture was focused on the leadership based on charisma and transformation. The key lessons that were derived from this interaction include the meaning of terminologies and how they originated. An example is the word charismatic which was coined from a Greek terminology called charisma. What it all means is that such a leader is naturally endeared to the people. The mention of Barack Obama as a charismatic leader provided a clear understanding of what it means owing to the oratory skills that the former United States president possesses. In addition, the charismatic leadership style has many styles of communication according to the lectures that were undertaken. The lesson was so triggering in that people were challenged to come up with their plans to exhibit their charismatic nature. Finally there was more information on how transformational leadership happens. (Kowzlowski, 2008) The first challenge that was faced is to determine whether one is charismatic during the designing of the action plan. Charisma is not quantifiable and the parameters to use to determine this attribute are difficult to find. One parameter is the linguistic ability of the leader. While other people will appreciate and get endeared to a leader because of how they speak, some will not find anything to appreciate in them. For instance, it is difficult to appreciate a leader who is focused on only actions and not their characters as it is the case I transformational leadership. (Latham, 2013) The next lesson was based on the leaders that arise during certain situations. Such forms of leadership are called contingency or situational leadership. In the study, there were insights on the procedures in which people can pick their leaders depending on the different situations. The objectives which the people intend to meet are the determinants of the leader they choose in a certain situation. Besides, the interaction was vital in that the analysis of the contingency theory was made. Contingency refers to a circumstance that is unexpected. In most cases, the contingency is always an unfavorable circumstance. What the leader is appointed to do is to make it favorable. Besides the contingency theory, the lecture was informative on other theories such as the path-goal theories and went ahead to touch on the model on the situational leadership. The situation dictates the kind of leadership style that can be adopted by the leader. (Mailick, 2013) The difficulties in this lesson have been replicated from the above lessons. They are barely the same but the difference comes in slightly. The explanation of some terminologies such as contingency was quite a challenge. More so, comprehension of the theories was not an easy task. Given that the theories had increased, some information was being duplicated and causing confusion. As time moves on and more information is delivered, the mind gets saturated and may not accommodate some of the information. Some information is almost similar, thus causing distortion of the whole course. (McCauley, 2011) Another lesson was about the power and the political implications vested in various kinds of leadership. One of the revelations was the difference between management and leadership. More often than not, people confuse between these terminologies. However, there was a thorough explanation to distinguish the terms. In addition, students were urged to recognize the different types of power. Power is important in the distribution of resources and people who have power are the leaders. More so, the instructor challenged the students to embrace leadership. They reinforced the fact that a leader should not only be known just by the name but they should be people with the capacity to empower their subjects. This is possible if they can assign duties to junior members of the society so that power can be participatory. The element of ethics is very important for any leader. They are judged on moral grounds and their ability to behave in a good way was also part of the discussion. (Ohlott, 2014 ) Amongst the challenges and difficulties faced was the determination of the ethical standards. Morality also does not have quantifiable parameters on which a leader can be awarded or reprimanded. Also it was a challenge to make a decision whether leaders should be trusted with too much power. Some leaders misuse the power for self aggrandizement and instead they oppress the common people. Another challenge is the politicization of issues. Sometimes political power is used to polarize citizens hence it was a tall order to agree with the instructor whether such power was to be given. (Sosik, 2012) The eighth lesson was a deeper discussion of the differences between management and leadership. This is an indication that the two terms bring about an argument that should never be overlooked. In the discussion, there was also the need to explain the existing relationship between a leaders influence and the power that they have. This was done by the lecturer who covered the topic quite comprehensively. It was determined that any leader is not guaranteed to have influence over the subjects by virtue of being above them in terms of the status. However, the lesson of the day indicated that the leader must be smart by applying various tactics to achieve his influence. First of all, any leader must understand the nature of his subjects. Once this is done, they should apply the tactics in a systematic sequence that will yield the desired results. (Tsui, 2014) The difficulties witnessed in this study included the performance of the research to determine the influence tactics. Research is always so involving because the preliminary activities take up much time as well as the research itself. The aftermath of the research should also be processed. In this case, summarization of the research results posed a big challenge to us. The relationship between power and influence was one of the challenging aspects as well. The terms seem as though they can be used interchangeably. However, the lesson was quite precise hence there were no much challenges when compared to other discussions. (Wexsley, 2016) The ninth lesson was focused on how coaching is done, motivational tactics and finally team work. The discussion enlightened the students on the kind of skills of leadership in relation to the expectancy theory. The discussion also provided an opportunity to learn the details of the expectancy theory. Besides this theory, there was also the mention of the goal theory which was discussed in detail. It was realized that there is a direct relationship between the behavior of the leaders and their skills of leadership. The study was essential because it provided guidance in the manner in which the relationship can be described. The lesson also enabled the members to understand how leaders entice their subjects through the tactic of recognition. As aspiring leaders, the students were able to analyze their situations and look forward to making good leaders who could be endeared to their subjects. (Wood, 2009) The challenges that were faced were the theoretical interpretations which had posed challenges since the topic of leadership came up. These theories had many details that were difficult to demystify. It is always challenging to motivate people and the different methods that would be used were not quite comprehensive. For instance, many people would desire to be furnished with a certain amount of money before they get motivated. It is difficult to understand what people would demand apart from money. In a discussion of this kind, many assumptions are made which may compromise the actual facts that should be represented. (Zand, 2007) References Hogan, R. R. (2013). Educating the Modern Manager. Academy of Management Learning and Education Keys, J. B. (2014). Management Education and Development: Current issues and emerging trends: New York: Pantheon Books King, S. N. (2010). Feedback Intensive Programs. San Francisco: Wiley. Kozlowski, S. W. J. (2008). Training and Developing Adaptive Teams: American Psychological Association. Latham, G. P. (2013). Management Development. Hove, UK: Psychology Press/Erlbaum. Mailick, M. A. (2013). Learning theory in the practice of management development: Evolution and applications. Westport, CT: Quorum. McCauley, C. D. (2011). Management development through job experiences: An annotated bibliography. Greensboro, NC: Center for Creative Leadership. McCauley, C. D. (2010). Our Viewpoint of Leadership Development. San Francisco: Wiley. Ohlott, P. (2004). Job Assignments. San Francisco: Wiley. Sosik, J. J. (2012). Adaptive self-regulation: New York: Pantheon Books Tsui, A.S (2014). Adaptive Self-Regulation: A process view of managerial effectiveness. University of Oulu, Finland Wexley, K. N. (2016). Management Development. University of Oulu, Finland Wood, R. (2009). Social cognitive theory of organizational management. Academy of Management Review Zand, D. E. (2007). The leadership triad: Knowledge, trust, and power. New York: Oxford University. Zaccaro S. M. (2009). Leader development for transforming organizations. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Zaccaro, S. M. (2014). Leader Visioning and Adaptability: New York:Oxford University Press

Versailles Effect On Germany Essays - Treaty Of Versailles

Versailles Effect On Germany The Treaty of Versailles: Prelude to WWII The Treaty of Versailles was not a justified treaty, which created German feelings of revenge and dislike towards the victorious countries. This feeling of revenge felt by Germany, in addition with the social atmosphere of Europe, led to a Second World War in the September of 1939, just 11 years after the first World War. People at the time published reports on the unfairness of the treaty. America never ratified the treaty but Britain and France still enforced it. Germany had no choice but to sign the unfair document and it was only a matter of time before things turned for the worse. We must examine the background, clauses, and effects of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany and Europe to understand how it helped cause WWII. Then, when you look at the situation the treaty created for Europe, we can see how WWII came about. The war had left Europe in shambles. WWI ended on November 11, 1918, leaving millions of European soldiers dead and injured. Large areas of Belgium and France had been devastated and two of Europes most powerful countries, Germany and Austria-Hungary, were defeated and exhausted. All the European countries were now bankrupt from the cost of waging a war for four years. Germany had not been defeated, but knew that if it continued to fight war against the strong American army, defeat in Berlin would result. Because Germany had surrendered, her only option was to either sign the treaty, or else go back to war again, which would inevitably result in defeat. The Treaty was unexpectedly harsh, though, despite the fact Germany hadnt been defeated, she had merely surrendered. Germany was forced to agree that it was guilty of starting the war. This clause was the most insulting and damaging clause for it blatantly and wrongly accused Germany of being the sole cause of war, and this enabled the other clauses to be severe as she was now to pay for the whole of WWI. The second clause was that Germany had to disarm. The effects of this clause were: the army was to be limited to 100,000 men; conscription and much prided submarines and aircraft (the allies thought that without an air force Germany couldnt ever go to war) were to be banned; the navy was limited to six battleships (no Dreadnoughts); and the Rhineland was to become a demilitarized- zone. This was emotional for the Germans since they had had such a strong army and were forced to sink their prided Dreadnoughts. This emotional loss created resentment towards the allies and was the first clause for Hitler to undo. The reparation clause was an unjust clause, for the amount was excessively much, as said by many people at the time. Germany had to pay severe reparations, imposed to help the damaged countries rebuild after the war, at the amount of $5 billion due May 1, 1921.9 The leading British economist, John Maynard Keynes, published a book, before the increase in reparations to $32.5 billion by 1963, warning that the treaties would prevent the European economy recovering from the war damage. Germany had hardly enough money to pay the original amount, and, inevitably, great inflation occurred, destroying the economy and causing unemployment and starvation. Furthermore, another clause of the treaty was that the territory of Germany had to be greatly reduced. Britain and France had been malicious and were shortsighted by demanding Germanys money while taking away the territory that could provide the money. In this clause Germany lost 13% of its territory, containing 7.3 million people, and all of her overseas colonies, ending her empire. Germany had lost her main coal producing territories of Upper Silesia and the Saarland. In 1913, 139 million tons of coal were used in Germany for railroads, utilities, fuel, and agriculture; the Saarland and Upper Silesia had accounted for 60.8 million tons of this. With more than half of Germanys coal taken away, they didnt have enough coal to power the populated industrial country. With industry destroyed there was no way they could pay the reparations. Germany had made proposals dealing with the territorial decisions and reparations; they were willing to give up Alsace-Lorraine

Tweeter analysis Essays

Tweeter analysis Essays Tweeter analysis Paper Tweeter analysis Paper The other points to be discussed will be the strategy of Tweeter going forward to tackle the price competition due to rivals like, Lecher, Circuit City and the WIZ. Problem Identification Tweeter was in a market that was highly competitive and it faced many challenges to sustain itself ranging from price wars to unexpected value perception by the customers, uncertainty about Its APP policy to threats from new entrants. But the major problems can be listed as follows, Difference In the value perception of the customer and that being offered by Tweeter Despite of having competitive prices, why is large amount being returned through Automatic price protection (APP) Evaluate the impact of APP strategy on Bryn Mar Threat from new entrants like Wiz into the New England market Analysis First we will carry out a SOOT analysis for Tweeter In the current market conditions. Secondly, we will see the impact of APP on the buying behavior of the customers. We will analyze the data provided in the various case exhibits and provide recommendations for Tweeter?s future strategy. SOOT Analysis Tweeter started its venture with medium to high-end audio and video equipment ND components. The customers perceived It as a high quality retailer with knowledgeable sales people who offered high level of customer service. But the competitors?w strategy was to capture the customers through low pricing strategy. Tweeter was forced to compete on price and even introduce entry-level brands and lower end models of existing brands. It was unable to cash upon this strategy since the customers failed to recognize the competitive price offerings on its products. Looking at Exhibit 14, 54% of the respondents did not know whether the prices offered by Tweeter are higher or lower compared to other big chains Like Lecher Ana Cult CLC TTY. Moreover, AT ten respondents won 010 not Know auto ten A policy also were unaware of the relative prices. Also, 40. 6% customers are not aware of the concept of APP and 37. 9% of the customers do not know that Tweeter has a policy related to APP. So we can say that the value offered by Tweeter was not exactly as perceived by the customers since their promotion strategies did not work as there was always a competitor whose highest price was lower than Tweeter?was lowest offered price. The probability of customers knowing about the introduction of low end products by Tweeter was less considering they did not focus on promotion. Under the Automatic Price Protection policy, Tweeter monitored newspapers on a daily basis for advertisements of competitors present within 25 miles of its vicinity. If an item purchased at Tweeter in the past 30 days was advertised for a lower price, then they automatically mailed a refund check to the consumer for 100% of the difference in the amounts. There were some constraints applied as the items insider are of value above 50$ and the difference is more than 2$. The advantages of APP on Buying Behavior can be ?C Eliminates the need for extensive, price?based search for the customer ?C Break the ?Kiewit for a sale?0 buying mentality ?C Create positive word-of- mouth ?C Good technique for customer conversion and retention The disadvantages of APP on Buying Behavior can be ?C APP is relative complex, difficult to communicate via media ?C Purchase decision of customers is based on prices at face value. So they would prefer a impetigo giving sale or discount instead of APP Looking at the income statement in exhibit 7, since the implementation of APP the gross revenues have increased by 88. 5% from 1993 to 1996 while the net income has increased from -661 k$ in 1993 to kick$ in 1996. Hence, we can see that the top line improvement has not been translated to the bottom line. Looking at exhibit 12, we can observe that APP policy was highly ineffective during the festive months, since it was a custom for the competitors to reduce their prices aiming to maximize their sales and profits. Due to the overlapping products with Tweeter, they had to incur increased payback during these months. Tweeter was losing out a lot on its pricing strategy for cost leadership and current profit minimization by concentrating on the low end product market, whereas it specialized in the medium to high-end market and the customers perceived it to be a high quality retailer offering good customer service. In fact, Tweeter customers perceived that they were paying a premium price for receiving the best customer service in the region. Tweeter acquired Bryn Mar stereo and died as its first venture outside of New England. Bryn Mar was a high-end consumer electronics chain similar to Tweeter and it had also adopted APP policy. But due to low awareness of the policy in the new area, Bryn Mar failed to see an appreciable increase in sales despite adoption of APP policy. Tweeter can handle this issue by concentrating more on promotion of the APP policy and its assured benefits. Considering the channels of distribution, from exhibit 4 1 1, we can observe that the product mix offered by Tweeter at their specialty stores and boutiques for consumer electronic categories Is well In sync Witt ten stores parterre Day ten customers to Duty those products, as 59-64% of market share is captured by the specialty stores. Hence, during expansion in other states outside New England, they should target for opening similar type of stores. From exhibit 8, we can observe that the customer base seeking Quality/Service that forms 10% of the total market prefers Tweeter that is 70% of Tweeter?was market. It has only 20% market share in the price biter segment and it can focus to increase the share in this segment, as these customers focus on absolute best deal looking at verbal factors of price, service and quality. Tweeter can surely cater to these customers. Recommendations Do not target low end products The major mistake that Tweeter committed was introduction of low end products. The competitors of low end products were superstores and mass merchants that mainly concentrated on providing low competitive prices while compromising on customer service and salesperson knowledge. Being a specialty store, Tweeter?was PODS included giving the customer a better shopping experience through excellent customer service and salesperson knowledge. Hence, venturing into APP for low end products mostly resulted in loss. No differentiation on the basis of prices through sales or discounts The customer psychology was to accept prices at face value. They got more attracted by initial savings rather than a money refund at a later stage. Hence though the savings might be same their tendency is to choose a product on sale to a complex offering like APP. Thus, there is no incentive to provide sales or discounts on low end products. This supplements the previous point for Tweeter to back out from sale of low end products. Do not target entry level customers Entry-level customers laid great emphasis on price and not on product quality and customer service. Since Tweeter?was unique offerings did not include low end products, the probability of them choosing Tweeter was minimum. Promotion towards BIB segment The high end products can be catered to customers who value these as a long-term investment like educational institutions, music bands, etc. That form a part of BIB segment. These customers will be willing to pay a premium for high quality. Hence, Tweeter should focus more on this segment.

21 Words Stemming from the Latin Word for Look At

21 Words Stemming from the Latin Word for Look At 21 Words Stemming from the Latin Word for Look At 21 Words Stemming from the Latin Word for Look At By Mark Nichol A surprising number and array of English words derive from the Latin verb specere, meaning â€Å"look at.† Each word, and its meaning and related forms, appears below. 1. aspect: a part or quality of something, the way someone or something appears, or the direction that something faces (adjectival form: aspectual) 2. circumspect: reflective about the consequences of doing or saying something (noun form: circumspection; adverbial form: circumspectly) 3. conspicuous: easy to see, or attracting attention (noun form: conspicuousness; adverbial form: conspicuously) 4. despicable: obnoxious or worthless (verb form: despise; noun form: despicableness; adverbial form: despicably) 5. expect: look forward to something or think that something will happen, consider something necessary or reasonable, or, as expecting, being pregnant (noun forms: expectedness, expectation, expectancy; adjectival form: expectable; adverbial forms: expectably, expectedly) 6. frontispiece: an illustration opposite the title page of a book, or the front of a building, or an architectural feature over a window or other opening (the final syllable is not cognate with piece) 7. inspect: look at something carefully (noun forms: inspector, inspection; adjectival form: inspective) 8. introspection: examination of one’s own feelings or thoughts (verb form: introspect; alternate noun form: introspectiveness; adjectival forms: introspective, introspectional; adverbial form: introspectively) 9. perspective: point of view, a literal or figurative view, or a way to represent an image by using converging parallel lines to give an illusion of depth and distance (or such an image) (adjectival form: perspectival) 10. prospect: as a verb, scout, or search for mineral deposits; as a noun, an opportunity or possibility, or someone likely to be chosen (alternate verb form: prospecting; alternate noun forms: prospector, prospecting; adjectival form: prospective) 11. respect: as a verb, to admire or regard; as a noun, admiration or regard (adjectival form: respective) 12. retrospect: as a noun, review; as an adjective, relating to the past or a past event (alternate noun form: retrospective; alternate adjectival form: retrospective) 13. species: related living things capable of interbreeding with other members of the species, one of several kinds of atomic particle, or a thought or mental image, or, loosely, synonymous with kind or sort (adjectival form: species) 14. specimen: a thing typical of its kind, or a remarkable example of something, or a minuscule amount or piece of a substance to be examined or tested 15. spectacle: an impressive show or sight; in plural form, a synonym for eyeglasses (adjectival form: spectacular; alternate noun form, spectacular) 16. spectator: a person who watches an event (verb form: spectate; adjectival form: spectator or spectatorial; alternate noun forms: spectatorship, spectatory) 17. specter: a ghost or spirit, or something that bothers or haunts one; British English spelling is spectre (adjectival form: spectral) 18. spectrum: range of light or sound waves, or range of people or things; scientific plural form: spectra 19. speculation: guess or idea, or financial activity with high risk but possibility of high profit (adjectival form: speculative; adverbial form: speculatively) 20. speculum: a medical instrument inserted into a body passage, or an image showing the relative positions of the planets, or a patch of color on a bird’s wing 21. suspect: as a verb, think that a crime has been committed or someone has done something wrong or that something is the cause of something bad; as a noun, someone or something that has caused something bad to happen; as an adjective, causing doubt or a feeling that someone did something wrong or that something bad is likely or true (alternative noun form: suspicion) Todays YouTube video: Program vs. Programme Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Dialogue Dos and Don'tsWhat is the Difference Between Metaphor and Simile?What the heck are "learnings"?

Early 20th century Shanghai Divergence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Early 20th century Shanghai Divergence - Essay Example The article starts off by attempting to place Shanghai in the context of other cities of the world like Amsterdam, Budapest and Houston that Baverstock et al have placed in the category of â€Å"gamma-global-cities†. What this means is that these cities have been given a separate place from the other cities of the world in terms of their tendency to what Wasserstrom calls â€Å"re-globalizing† nature i.e. the ability of the cities to re-integrate them with the global landscape. The author attempts’ to place Shanghai in context leave him bewildered considering the range of transformations that the city underwent in its existence and the fact that it is still a â€Å"work in progress†. The author reaches the view point that Shanghai is a city that is â€Å"good to think† which means that attempts to compare Shanghai with other cities have proved fruitless. And the article quotes Rudolf Wagner who suggests a moratorium in comparing Shanghai with other cities. Wasserstrom is not deterred by the academic community’s decision on de-linking comparisons of Shanghai with other cities. On the other hand, â€Å"While there is a strong case to be made for Wagner’s argument and the modification of it just described, this article argues that this is a good time for Shanghai specialists to enter the admittedly treacherous waters of far-flung comparison. And it will suggest a specific strategy for doing just this by proposing that we think of Shanghai as a reglobalizing When we use the term â€Å"re-globalize†, we effectively mean that there was a time when these cities were part of the global mainstream in terms of their relations with the rest of the world be it for trade or exchange of ideas. Shanghai has a particular significance in this respect as it was one of the cities in the East that had interacted with the West before the opium wars and the hundred years of treaty enforced port-period when it was a bustling port that served as a center for commerce and

Reading Summary 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reading Summary 5 - Essay Example Most organizations, do not involve the shareholders and other directors in the policy making process. They are only involvement in the final output. For effective optimization of distribution channels, all the key stake holders should be involved from the time the company is drafting its distribution strategy (Kotler & Lee, 2007). A good distribution channel, should look at all the key sections of an organization that need to be looked at and questioned. For example, if the goods delivery time is delayed, what will impact will the effect have on the overall sales revenue? This type of questions need to be asked and answered by an organization in order to optimize of distribution channels (Kotler & Lee, 2007). One of the areas, which organizations give little attention is the inventory. The way a company manages its inventory, becomes more and more important. A company needs to know where and how it’s going to stock all the products (Kotler & Lee,

Courtroom Players Response Essay Example for Free

Courtroom Players Response Essay In the courtroom there is a group of key players that work together on a daily basis. They are made of a group of professionals. These professional are those who know all aspects of a criminal trial and they work together in performing the duties of the court. The courtroom work group is all of the professionals that participate in a court proceeding. They include the judge, prosecuting attorneys, defense attorneys, public defenders and any other individuals who earn a living by giving service to the court. These individuals act together with a common goal of bringing any and all court room proceedings to a successful close. Each of professional in the courtroom work group has its own duties. The prosecutor is responsible for presenting the states evidence and preparing the states case against the accused. It is up to the prosecuting attorney to determine which cases should be pursued and which to let the charges drop. The prosecutor makes these decisions based on a variety of criteria. They will look at the evidence against the accused, the crime itself, the history of the accused as well as many other factors. If the criteria where more strict which would end up in fewer cases being prosecuted, the court would be less crowded for time but there would be more criminals on the streets going unpunished. On the other hand if they were too loose, there would be a risk of more innocent people being charged with crimes they didnt commit and an already overtaxed court system becoming completely bogged down. I would not really recommend any changes in the court system that we have now. I understand it is not a perfect system but it is better than many and it has the right goals in mind. Reference: Schmalleger, F. (2011). Criminal justice today: An introductory text for the twenty-first century (11th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ. Pearson Prentice Hall.

Night in William Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay examples

Night in William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream One of the recurring themes throughout Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream is the time of day during which the play’s major action takes place: night. This being the case, there are certain words that are directly linked to this theme that appear numerous times throughout the script. Four such words are â€Å"moon,† â€Å"moonlight,† â€Å"moonshine,† and â€Å"lunatic.† Each comes from a feminine root that serves to identify the women in the play as prizes to be won and controlled. It becomes clear when looking up the term â€Å"moon† in the Oxford English Dictionary that the word is associated with the feminine. â€Å"In poetry,† for instance, â€Å"the moon is often personified, always as female†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1050). It is important to note that the play upsets traditional cultural customs in this regard, for â€Å"May was the time of female fertility over which the moon presided, but the play begins with an image of lunar age and sterility, a ‘dowager,’ a ‘cold fruitless moon’† (Paster and Howard, â€Å"Popular Festivals†¦Ã¢â‚¬  93). It is possible that Shakespeare applied such images intentionally to make it clear to his audience that the women in this play are not as free as the May Day festivities might make them out to be. The female fertility that is expressed freely in Shakespeare’s blend of May Day and Midsummer’s Eve is outside of the controlled realm of marriage. Instead of the un restrained women that both holidays celebrate, however, Shakespeare bookends the play with a woman tamed by a man. In the first scene, the moon is spoken of by Theseus and Hippolyta as a measurement of time when Theseus announces, â€Å"†¦four happy days bring in / Another moon: but, O, methinks, how slow / This old moon wanes! She linger... ...more. Works Cited Brown, Lesley, ed. The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary. 5th ed. Oxford: Clarendon, 1993. ""moon," "moonlight," "moonshine," and "lunatic"." Shakespeare Concordance. 23 Feb. 2006 . Paster, Gail Kern, and Skiles Howard. "Female Attachments and Family Ties." A Midsummer Night's Dream: Texts and Contexts. Ed. Gail Kern Paster, and Skiles Howard. Boston and New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 1999. 192-264. ---. "Popular Festivals and Court Celebrations." A Midsummer Night's Dream: Texts and Contexts. Ed. Gail Kern Paster, and Skiles Howard. Boston and New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 1999. 89-99. Shakespeare, William. "A Midsummer Night's Dream." A Midsummer Night's Dream: Texts and Contexts. Ed. Gail Kern Paster, and Skiles Howard. Boston and New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 1999. 1-86. The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. 1989.

Chinese Foreign Policy & National Security Essay

The China-South Korea axis is perhaps the most overlooked variable in the strategic environment of Northeast Asia. For nearly five decades their relationship was characterized by war, lack of dialogue and non-recognition; then, over a period of some three years, this situation gave away to fully normalized and amiable relations in 1992. Rapprochement between Seoul and Beijing in 1992 opened one of the first frontiers of the post-Cold War thaw in the region, and future security will hinge at least partly on this core relationship. In this context, Cha analyzes the evolution of Sino-South Korean reconciliation, and argues that the South Korea’s engagement policy from the late 1980s in the political, economic, and cultural arenas played a major part in eliciting unprecedented cooperation from Beijing, however, its initiatives alone were not a sufficient condition to prompt this cooperation. A prior and necessary condition was a change in the strategic context surrounding China and the Korean Peninsula that raised both the benefits of cooperation and the costs of non-cooperation; the end of Cold War . In the context of security environment in Northeast Asia, South Korea’s success in engaging China has implications for future security on the Korean Peninsula. On balance, the axis is a stabilizing factor but not without its share of future challenges. With this in mind, the key questions of the article include: (1) How does one explain the growth of cooperation between China and South Korea? (2) To what extent has Sino-ROK rapprochement been the result of successful strategies on the part of South Korea to ‘engage’ China? (3) What are the implications on North Korea? For a quarter-century after the Korean War, Sino-South Korean relations sat at the intersection of the global East-West conflict and the Sino-Soviet split, making any hint of cooperation impossible.1 However, since the middle 1980s, Sino-South Korean relationship has moved from being sworn enemies and opposed combatants in the Korean War, to being potential economic partners (but still strategic adversaries), and fully normalized diplomatic relations in 1992. Three key drivers propelled the change in the relationship: (1) the transformation of strategic environment concomitant to the end of Cold War, which established the baseline for post-war interaction. In this context, Sino-Soviet reconciliation was a significant factor in Chinese calculations to normalize with Seoul. In particular, the end of Sino-Soviet rivalry reduced in Chinese minds the strategic consequences of ‘losing’ North Korea to Moscow, and made opening to South Korea more feasible. Furthermore, in South Korea’s view, China had evolved from being a revisionist power to being a status quo one, in the degree to which Beijing emphasized ‘unification’ or ‘peace maintenance’ as the security priority for the Peninsula. ‘Unification’ was associated with China’s revolutionary power and support for North Korea to overthrow the South – the essence of China’s one Korea policy of the Cold War. On the other hand, ‘peace maintenance’ implied stability outcome for Korea by recognizing South Korea and opposing provocative acts by the North which might upset the unstable peace on the Peninsula. (2) Domestic change in China concomitant to Deng Xiaoping’s modernization reforms, and subsequent separation of politics from economics. The initial economic trade was largely indirect, transacted through third-party intermediaries or South Korean trading firms in Hong Kong. By 1985, however, total Chinese-South Korea trade surpassed that between China and North Korea. During the 1980s, while the two sides still viewed one another as military adversaries, they increasingly recognized each other as economic opportunities. The beginnings of a diplomatic relationship also emerged in the 1990s with the establishment of trade offices between the Korea Trade Promotion Association (KOTRA) and the Chinese Chamber of Commerce in 1990, which facilitated shift from indirect trade to open and direct transactions, and subsequently in establishing formal diplomatic relations in August 1992. (3) South Korea’s conscious policy of engagement to elicit cooperation from China, in particular using non-punitive, non-coercive diplomacy and seeking mutual accommodation. South Korea’s engagement strategy contained the following tiers: first, economic linkages, investment and trade ties to increase the benefits to China of cooperation, and the costs of non-cooperation, providing foreign capital and technology, separating political cooperation with economics, but gradually produce cooperative behavior in other arenas. The growth of trade ties in the 1980s was a major reason why China chose to participate in the 1986 Asian Games and the 1988 Olympics hosted by South Korea, which served as key event to normalize relations. Second tenet of South Korea’s engagement strategy was to treat the opposing state’s perspectives as legitimate per se. This meant engaging China’s divergent position into official dialogues on the proposals for enhancing peace and stability in the region such as the Four-Party talks, and more importantly South Korea’s recognition of One China Policy, acknowledging Beijing as the only legal government in China. These initiatives at the diplomatic front were followed by general increase in communication flows on the business, educational, and cultural levels to cultivate goodwill. In this context, South Korea’s engagement strategy included the following goals: (1) cultivate Beijing’s cooperation by tying Chinese national interests to stability on the Peninsula; (2) improve South Korea’s credibility in the international arena by enhancing its image as a ‘regional player’ willing to reduce tensions and foster dialogue; and (3) engage North Korea through alternative channels. In order to pursue these goals, South Korea utilized the following means: in the macro-political perspective, the strategy of engagement of China was pursued through the policy of Nordpolitik and Globalization (segyehwa) which implied mutual economic prosperity as a means of expanding diplomatic ties with former adversaries as well as assuming a leading role for South Korea in international organizations and the continued expansion of program multi-directional diplomacy (i.e. using meetings of multilateral bodies such as APEC, ASEAN, non-governmental track-t wo diplomacy, high-level military exchanges). The second method of engagement has been sports diplomacy – participating in athletic competitions hosted by each country provided a useful means by to express good will and interest in expanding the economic cooperation (Seoul 1988 Olympics, Beijing Asian Games 1990). What was the benchmark of success of South Korea’s engagement strategy? The key was not only engaging China, but also the terms of policy toward North Korea. The following measure could be used: (A) Failure – Chinese support of North Korea (B) Minimal Success – ‘1.5’ Korea policy; formal support of North Korea and de-facto recognition of South Korea (C) Moderate Success – equidistance between North and South Korea (D) Very Successful – discourage North Korean provocation and aggression (E) Most Successful – China supports only South Korea Cha argues that the outcome of South Korea’s engagement falls in the middle range (B to D). For example, Chinese behavior on the North Korean nuclear issue in 1993-94, when Beijing sided with the US and South Korea on many aspects (such as opposing North Korea to renege Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and abide to non-nuclear Peninsula), however, at the same time Beijing expressed strong opposition against any acts of coercion against the North. It persistently pressed for dialogue and negotiona as the only acceptable means of settling the dispute, and opposed any U.S. led sanctions thought the UN Security Council. A more successful outcome was the redefined Chinese behavior on UN admission of the two Koreas in 1991, in which Chinese accepted dual membership of the two Koreas in the UN. Arguing that South Korean engagement of China has been sustained, comprehensive and moderately successful, the next question is how this new relationship will affect security on the Korean Peninsula and throughout the broader region? Salient issues include the impact of the Asian financial crisis, the dynamics of second U.S.-North Korea nuclear crisis, the effect of Bejing-Seoul dà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½tente on South Korea’s alliance with Washington, and the future challenges that could be posed by Korean unification. (1) The impact of the Asian Financial Crisis didn’t affect China-South Korean relations thus far. In-fact, in 2003 China has surpassed the U.S. as South Korea’s largest trading partner (2) Sino-South Korean relations have important implications in understanding current relations between North and South Korea. Under Kim Dae Jung, South Korea initiated Sunshine Policy that rests on Seoul’s assurances of no-isolation, no destabilization, and no absorption. The Sunshine Policy is in many ways similar to the engagement strategy toward China, both in form and potential success. In particular, it is consistent (despite North’s provocations) and designed to elicit cooperation from the opposing state. However, there are also differences- regarding intentions; for cooperation to emerge, the opposing state has to be engageable. North Korea’s behavior does not suggest she is open to an improvement of relations. Second, there are differences in South Korea’s capabilities of early 1990’s and late 1990s, in particular, in the early 1990s South Korea that engaged China did so from a position of relative strength and prosperity; however, in the late 1990s, the Asian financial crisis put South Korean position to a relative weakness., because conciliatory gestures are more likely to be interpreted as appeasement rather than engagement. Hence success to engagement of North Korea is not likely. (3) Looking beyond the immediate North Korean nuclear problem, Korean unification raises a plethora of new factors that would test the resilience of China-South Korea engagement. The absence of the North Korean buffer would give rise to a situation in which two powers with different regimes share a contiguous border. Another future challenges is on the economic front – the rising China may hange its trade needs and increase competition with Korea. A final potential conflict between a united Korea and China centers on nationalism, and the two-million ethnic Korean living in Chinese Jilin province, which a unified Korea might claim. In the final analysis, the dramatic transformation of Chin-South Korean relations in the 1990s represents the most successful case of engaging China in East Asia. The lessons stemming from this engagement include: (1) consistency- a policy can only be successful if it is applied consistently and deliberately, (2) engagement requires will and domestic political support to sustain the policy even in the face of little reciprocity by the other state; (3) engagement applied from a position of strength conveys credibility, but applied from a position of weakness connotes appeasement. For the foreseeable future, the burden of managing the confrontation on the Korean Peninsula falls even more on the new China-South Korea dà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½tente and the continuing U.S.-South Korea Alliance. My Observation: Victor Cha offers a plausible analysis of the South Korea’s engagement strategy and the factors that have significantly improved Sino-South Korean relations, nonetheless, I would argue that he underestimated the historical factors that bind China and South Korea together, which might have accelerated the rapprochement on both sides. Traditionally, Korea has fallen under the Chinese sphere of influence, with Korea belonging to the first-tier state of the Sino-centered worldview. In this context, another traditional binding element is the continuing anti-Japanese sentiments and mistrust in both Koreas and China that target Japanese sense of irresponsibility and demand apology for its war atrocities. Taken together, I would argue that these factors also facilitated the relatively rapid transformation of the relations, on a personal level between Korean and Chinese officials. In the context of enhancing peace and security on the Korean Peninsula, positive Sino-South Korean relations certainly play an important role. Both states are aware of this factor, and share similar interests. However, Beijing seems to be in a dilemma, it desperately does not want to face a collapse of North Korea nor does it want to see a nuclear North Korea. Hence, China’s actions in the foreign policy arena are still bound to the minimum necessary level to ensure stability. Ironically, while the Chinese officials have been claiming that they are making efforts to persuade North Korea to enter multilateral dialogue and negotiation, they also claim that North Korea doesn’t listen as it used to. In this regard, my question is: How much leverage does China have over North Korea? 🙂 1 From the ROK perspective, during the Cold War China was part of the communist bloc, a patron of revolutionary regimes in Asia, and thus one of the primary threats to South Korea’s survival. China’s intervention in the Korean War in 1950, in conjunction with the July 1961 Friendship Treaty between China and North Korea with its automatic intervention clause cemented South Korea’s perceptions of China as a threat. At the same time, China’s hostility toward South Korea was equally intense. South Korea was the ‘fascist’ axis of the ‘iron triangle’ that included ‘U.S. imperialism’, and ‘Japanese militarism.’

No Men Are Foriegn

No Men Are Foreign by James Kirkup Workbook Questions Extract 1 1 Who is the narrator of the poem? To whom is the poem addressed? Ans The poem appears to have an omniscient narrator and is addressed to all of mankind. (omniscient = one who knows everything) 2 What is meant by uniforms? Why are uniforms necessary especially during war? What is there beneath all uniforms? Ans Uniforms mean the varied cultural exteriors that people put on themselves in the form of different clothes that symbolise who they are.Uniforms are necessary especially during war in order to differentiate between and identify soldiers on different sides who would otherwise appear to be same. But beneath all uniforms lies the same human body. 3 Which single body is referred to in the extract? What is common to the single body and people like the narrator? Ans The single body referred to in the extract is the human body. What is common between the single body and people like the narrator is that it is same in struc ture and made of flesh and blood. 4 Who are referred to as brothers? What two things are common to all people as referred to in lines three and four of the extract?Ans People who we classify as different from ourselves are our brothers. We walk on the same land as long as we are alive and will be buried in the same earth when we die. 5 If there are different countries, how can we be one people? Ans Even if there are different countries, we can be one people because we all have the same body and we live and die on the same planet. Extract 2 1 Who are they that are mentioned in the extract? What are the common elements in the universe that are shared by all? What is the significance of the word, too in the extract? Ans They are those that we consider foreign.All of us share the common elements of sun, air and water. The word too is significant because it emphasizes that they are just like us. 2 What are peaceful harvests? Why are they said to be peaceful? What do the peaceful harvests symbolise? Ans Peaceful harvests are the crops grown and the enduring bounty during times of peace. They are said to be peaceful because they can be nurtured only during times of peace. They symbolise happiness and prosperity. 3 In what way is starvation associated with winter? Ans No crops can be grown during winter which is why there is a shortage of food.Thus, starvation is associated with winter. 4 What is meant by Their hands are ours? What are their lines? How can we conclude that their labour is same as ours? Ans Their hands are ours means that people living in other countries have hands just like ours which toil hard to earn a living. Their lines mean the lines on their face and body which are just like ours. Hence, we can conclude that though they belong to another land, they have worked hard throughout their lives, just like us. 5 Explain how does the author show that men from other countries have the same basic requirements as his own countrymen.Ans The author shows that men from other countries have the same requirements as his own countrymen by saying that they enjoy the same sunlight, breathe the same air and drink the same water. Not only this, they also work hard to earn a living. They too eat when their harvest is plentiful during times of peace and starve during war. Extract 3 1 On what topic is the poet speaking? In what respect are their eyes compared to ours? Ans The poet is speaking about commonalities, mutual respect and understanding. Their eyes are compared to us in that they too wake and sleep, just as we do. 2 Whose strength is referred to in the extract?Explain how strength can be won by love? Ans The strength referred to in the extract is that of those who we consider strange. Their strength can be won by love because everybody responds to love and appreciates the feeling of brotherhood. 3 Give the meaning and implication of the following:- In every land is common life That all can recognise and understand. Ans People living in an other land are just like us. They too understand the concept and feeling of universal brotherhood. The implication is that if we extend a fraternal hand, they will recognise it and willingly join hands with us. State briefly the theme of the poem. Ans The theme of the poem is one of universal brotherhood, internationalism and the renunciation of war. The world is one big family, no one is a stranger: no one is different; we all need and want the same things. Hence, waging wars against our brothers does not make sense. 5 How does the poet bring out in the extract the idea that men are not strangers to one another? Ans The poet specifies that just like us they wake and sleep and respond to love. Even if we look different on the exterior we all can recognise and understand the universal language of love and brotherhood. Extract 4 What is meant by dispossess, betray, condemn? What happens when we hate our brothers? Ans To dispossess means to take away what one owns, to betray means to b ecome a traitor, to condemn means to criticise strongly. When we hate our brothers, in effect we rob, cheat and condemn our own selves. We do not realise that in perpetuating hatred on our brothers, we are actually harming ourselves. 2 What does the poet remind us of in the fourth line of the extract? Ans In the fourth line extending into the fifth, the poet reminds us that when we arm ourselves against each other, we pollute the purity of our own earth through bloodshed. What are hells of fire and dust? What do they destroy? Ans Hells of fire and dust are the effects caused by bombs and other instruments of warfare. They destroy the purity of the air we breathe and depend upon for our survival. 4 What is the innocence of air? How is it defiled? Ans The innocence of air is the purity of the unspoilt air as nature intended it to be. It is defiled by human interference in the form of bombs and hatred. 5 What does the poet emphasize by beginning and ending the poem with the same line?A ns By beginning and ending the poem with the same line, the poet emphasizes through reiteration, his message of the spirit of oneness and fraternity. Although the message in both the lines is same, the opening line uses the adjective ‘strange’ with respect to men and ‘foreign’ in respect of countries, while in the end, the adjective ‘foreign’ is ascribed to men and ‘strange’ is ascribed to countries. This means that the two are one. Countries exist only because men do; nature does not divide, only man does. However man is the same everywhere irrespective of where he lives.

Causes of Mass Wasting and Landslides

Causes of Mass Wasting and Landslides Mass wasting, sometimes called mass movement, is the downward movement by gravity of rock, regolith (loose, weathered rock) and/or soil on the sloped top layers of the Earth’s surface. It is a significant part of the process of erosion because it moves material from high elevations to lower elevations. It can be triggered by natural events like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and flooding, but gravity is its driving force. Although gravity is the driving force of mass wasting, it is impacted mainly by the slope material’s strength and cohesiveness as well as the amount of friction acting on the material. If friction, cohesion, and strength (collectively known as the resisting forces) are high in a given area, mass wasting is less likely to occur because the gravitational force does not exceed the resisting force. The angle of repose also plays a role in whether a slope will fail or not. This is the maximum angle at which loose material becomes stable, usually 25Â °-40Â °, and is caused by a balance between gravity and the resisting force. If, for example, a slope is extremely steep and the gravitational force is greater than that of the resisting force, the angle of repose has not been met and the slope is likely to fail. The point at which mass movement does occur is called the shear-failure point. Types of Mass Wasting Once the force of gravity on a mass of rock or soil reaches the shear-failure point, it can fall, slide, flow or creep down a slope. These are the four types of mass wasting and are determined by the speed of the material’s movement downslope as well as the amount of moisture found in the material. Falls and Avalanches The first type of mass wasting is a rockfall or avalanche. A rockfall is a large amount of rock that falls independently from a slope or cliff and forms an irregular pile of rock, called a talus slope, at the base of the slope. Rockfalls are fast moving, dry types of mass movements. An avalanche, also called a debris avalanche, is a mass of falling rock, but also includes soil and other debris. Like a rockfall, an avalanche moves quickly but because of the presence of soil and debris, they are sometimes moister than a rockfall. Landslides Landslides are another type of mass wasting. They are sudden, fast movements of a cohesive mass of soil, rock or regolith. Landslides occur in two types- the first of which is a translational slide. These involve movement along a flat surface parallel to the angle of the slope in a stepped-liked pattern, with no rotation. The second type of landslide is called a rotational slide and is the movement of surface material along a concave surface. Both types of landslides can be moist, but they are not normally saturated with water. Flow Flows, like rockfalls and landslides, are fast moving types of mass wasting. They are different however because the material within them is normally saturated with moisture. Mudflows, for example, are a type of flow that can occur quickly after heavy precipitation saturates a surface. Earthflows are another type of flow that occur in this category, but unlike mudflows, they are not usually saturated with moisture and move somewhat slower. Creep The final and slowest moving type of mass wasting is called soil creep. These are gradual but persistent movements of dry surface soil. In this type of movement, soil particles are lifted and moved by cycles of moistness and dryness, temperature variations and grazing livestock. Freeze and thaw cycles in soil moisture also contribute to creep through frost heaving. When soil moisture freezes, it causes soil particles to expand out. When it melts though, the soil particles move back down vertically, causing the slope to become unstable. Mass Wasting and Permafrost In addition to falls, landslides, flows and creep, mass wasting processes also contribute to the erosion of landscapes in areas prone to permafrost. Because drainage is often poor in these areas, moisture collects in soil. During the winter, this moisture freezes, causing ground ice to develop. In the summer, the ground ice thaws and saturates the soil. Once saturated, the layer of soil then flows as a mass from higher elevations to lower elevations, through a mass wasting process called solifluction. Humans and Mass Wasting Although most mass wasting processes occur via natural phenomena like earthquakes, human activities like surface mining or the building of a highway or shopping malls can also contribute to mass wasting. Human-induced mass wasting is called scarification and can have the same impacts on a landscape as natural occurrences. Whether human-induced or natural though, mass wasting plays a significant role on the erosion landscapes all over the world and different mass wasting events have caused damage in cities as well. On March 27, 1964, for example, an earthquake measuring a magnitude of 9.2 near Anchorage, Alaska caused almost 100 mass wasting events like landslides and debris avalanches throughout the state that impacted cities as well as more remote, rural regions. Today, scientists use their knowledge of local geology and provide extensive monitoring of ground movement to better plan cities and aid in reducing the impacts of mass wasting in populated areas.

3 Common Errors When Using Numbers

3 Common Errors When Using Numbers 3 Common Errors When Using Numbers 3 Common Errors When Using Numbers By Mark Nichol References to numbers, spelled out or in numeral form, often include erroneous use of hyphens or dashes, as shown in the following examples. Errors are explained and corrected in the discussion and revision that follows each sentence. 1. The US men’s basketball team won seven Olympic gold medals between 1936–68. A dash (not a hyphen) that connects two numbers to represent a range functions as a replacement for from and to, so do not include from before a number range separated by a dash. Between, likewise, should not be paired with a number range, but in this case, retain the word, pairing it with and in place of the dash: â€Å"The US men’s basketball team won seven Olympic gold medals between 1936 and 1968.† (â€Å"The US men’s basketball team won seven Olympic gold medals 1936–68† is not syntactically valid.) 2. Fourteen and fifteen-year-old kids are easily impressionable. When two hyphenated phrasal adjectives are identical except for the first term, the rest of the first phrasal adjective after that term can be elided, with the implication that the balance of the second phrasal adjective serves both of the initial words. However, to signal this sharing, retain the hyphen after the first element: â€Å"Fourteen- and fifteen-year-old kids are easily impressionable.† (Otherwise, the implication is that fourteen kids are easily impressionable, and so are fifteen-year-old kids.) 3. The rockslide occurred when a massive slab measuring fifty-by-eighty-by-fifteen feet broke off from a sheer cliff and went flying down the mountain. When a phrase consisting of two or more numbers separated by by describes the surface area or volume of an object, omit hyphens unless the entire phrase modifies a noun: â€Å"The rockslide occurred when a massive slab measuring fifty by eighty by fifteen feet broke off from a sheer cliff and went flying down the mountain.† (Compare â€Å"The fifty-by-eighty-by-fifteen-foot slab broke off from a sheer cliff and went flying down the mountain.†) The same rule applies when numerals represent the numbers. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Redundant Phrases to AvoidDriver License vs. Driver’s LicenseWhat Is a Doctor?

Examining the Challenges Faced By Teachers in the Inclusion of Pupils Assignment

Examining the Challenges Faced By Teachers in the Inclusion of Pupils with Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in the Mainstream C - Assignment Example 3 Causes of Autistic Spectrum Disorders ............................................................................ 4 Inclusion Defined †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 Characteristics of children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 Expectations of teachers †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 Challenges Teachers face in the inclusion ASD pupils in mainstream classrooms .......... 7 Way forward to eliminate the challenges teachers face †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 12 Conclusion ............................................................. .............................................................. 15 Introduction Behavioural, Emotional and Social Difficulties (BESD) is a term which describes a range of complex and chronic difficulties experienced by many children and young people. Such people demonstrate features of emotional and behavioural difficulties such as being withdrawn or isolated, disruptive and disturbing, hyperactive, failing to make friends and lacking concentration and mature social skills; and presenting challenging behaviours. It may also cover people with anxiety, who self-harm, have school phobia or depression and those whose behaviour or emotional wellbeing are seen to be deteriorating (DFES, 2001). BESD and learning difficulties Children suffering from BESD face many challenges in learning such as struggling to overcome trust issues, hence fail to make relationships with others, ability to cope with school routines and relationships, failure to reason appropriately. As such, their emotional and behavioural difficulties make them fail to fit well in an environment where they can learn like other normal children. Their failure to fit in the learning environment contravenes with the learning theories advanced by different psychologists such as Bandura, Piaget, Pavlov, Thorndike and Skinner. These theories imply that learning can only take place where there is punishment or reward, observation, imitation, social interaction, attachment to others and pre-existing mental cognition (DCSF, 2007, Midgley, 2008, Cooper, 2008 and Bandura, 1999). Causes of BESD There are several causes of BESD, which are from within or outside the child. Inner causes are very much associated with biological traits within an individual child. However, external causes may include single parenthood, poverty, lack of attachment, parental conflicts, erratic discipline and neglect, (Jull, 2008). Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) Defined Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is a lifelong disability that affect s how a person communicates with, and relates to, other people. It is a form of BESD which also affects how they make sense of the world around them since it affects ability to understand people, interpret events, communicate, and interact with others. This implies that, just like BESD does, ASD also plays a vital role in the learning of individuals. The term ‘Spectrum’ is used, because, autistic children experience a board band of problems which are grouped into having difficulty with social communication, social interaction and social imagination. For example, a child with autistic spectrum disorders is argumentative, disobedient, annoying, blames others for own mistakes, easily annoyed, resentful, vindictive, likes fighting, destructive, truant, a bully, intimidating, tormenting